EISTI-ING1-GI
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Java-2017-2018


			
				
					
						
						
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<div class="doctitle">Base de données</div>
<nav id="TOC">
<ul>
<li><a href="#accès-à-une-base-de-données">Accès à une base de données</a><ul>
<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#accès-à-une-base-mysql">Accès à une base MySQL</a><ul>
<li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="#utilisation">Utilisation</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#exercice">Exercice</a></li>
<li><a href="#ecrire-dans-les-bases-de-données">Ecrire dans les bases de données</a></li>
<li><a href="#pour-aller-plus-loin">Pour aller plus loin</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h1 id="accès-à-une-base-de-données">Accès à une base de données</h1>
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction</h2>
<p>Nous allons utiliser JDBC pour accéder à une base de données. Il existe d’autres librairies qui permettent l’accès aux bases de données, avec des fonctionnalités plus avancées (par exemple JPA ou Hibernate).</p>
<p>Cependant JDBC est l’API de bas niveau qui est utilisée par toutes celles de plus haut niveau.</p>
<p>Nous allons donc découvrir le fonctionnement de cette API et voir comment on peut <em>mapper</em> (c’est-à-dire associer) les entrées d’une base de données avec les membres d’une classe. Ceci revient à faire correspondre les valeurs d’une table aux attributs d’une classe.</p>
<h2 id="accès-à-une-base-mysql">Accès à une base MySQL</h2>
<h3 id="installation">Installation</h3>
<p>Pour commencer, vous allez écrire le programme suivant et le lancer:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode java"><code class="sourceCode java"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">package</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.*;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">public</span> <span class="kw">class</span> Demo {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-6" data-line-number="6">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">main</span>(<span class="bu">String</span>[] args) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-7" data-line-number="7">        <span class="co">//Commençons par charger le pilote:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-8" data-line-number="8">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-9" data-line-number="9">            <span class="bu">Class</span>.<span class="fu">forName</span>(<span class="st">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-10" data-line-number="10">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">ClassNotFoundException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-11" data-line-number="11">            e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-12" data-line-number="12">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-13" data-line-number="13"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-14" data-line-number="14">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-15" data-line-number="15">}</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Lancez ce programme. Vous constatez un erreur et c’est normal !</p>
<p>Ce programme ne va pas marcher car il lui manque un connecteur que vous allez télécharger <a href="https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/">sur le site de MySQL</a></p>
<p>Choisissez une des deux archives, téléchargez-la et décompressez-la.</p>
<p>Ce connecteur est une librairie qu’il faut ajouter à votre projet.</p>
<p>Pour cela, ouvrez les propriétés du projet (bouton droit et <code>Properties</code>) et allez sur <code>Java Build Path</code> puis <code>Libraries</code></p>
<figure>
<img src="images/librairies.png" alt="Propriété du projet" /><figcaption>Propriété du projet</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Cliquez sur <code>Add Library...</code></p>
<figure>
<img src="images/add_library_1.png" alt="Ajout de librairie" /><figcaption>Ajout de librairie</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Sélectionnez <code>User Library</code> et cliquez sur <code>Next</code></p>
<figure>
<img src="images/add_library_2.png" alt="Ajout de librairie" /><figcaption>Ajout de librairie</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Cliquez sur <code>User Libraries...</code></p>
<figure>
<img src="images/add_library_3.png" alt="Ajout de librairie" /><figcaption>Ajout de librairie</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Cliquez sur <code>New...</code> et entrez comme nom : <code>Connecteur MySQL</code></p>
<p>Sélectionnez la nouvelle librairie et cliquez sur <code>Add External JARs...</code></p>
<p>Sélectionnez le fichier <code>mysql-connector-java-X.Y.ZZ-bin.jar</code> qui était dans l’archive puis validez les modifications</p>
<p>Cliquez sur <code>Source attachment</code> puis sur <code>Edit...</code></p>
<figure>
<img src="images/add_library_4.png" alt="Ajout de librairie" /><figcaption>Ajout de librairie</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Choisissez <code>External location</code> puis <code>External Folder...</code> et sélectionnez le répertoire <code>src</code> qui est dans le même dossier que le fichier JAR précédent.</p>
<p>Validez toutes les modifications pour sortir des préférences</p>
<figure>
<img src="images/add_library_5.png" alt="Ajout de librairie" /><figcaption>Ajout de librairie</figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Cliquez sur <code>Finish</code> puis sur <code>OK</code></p>
<p>Relancez le programme: aucune erreur n’apparaît, vous avez chargé un pilote pour le connecteur MySQL.</p>
<h3 id="utilisation">Utilisation</h3>
<h4 id="création-dune-base-de-données-de-test">Création d’une base de données de test</h4>
<p>Vous pouvez soit utiliser <a href="exemples/demojava.sql">ce fichier</a>, soit suivre les instructions ci-dessous.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode sql"><code class="sourceCode sql"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-1" data-line-number="1">mysql&gt; <span class="kw">create</span> <span class="kw">database</span> demojava ;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">Database</span> changed</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-4" data-line-number="4">mysql&gt; show <span class="kw">tables</span> ;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">Empty</span> <span class="kw">set</span> (<span class="fl">0.00</span> sec)</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Nous allons maintenant définir les privilèges d’accès à la base de données:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode sql"><code class="sourceCode sql"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1">mysql&gt;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">CREATE</span> <span class="fu">USER</span> <span class="st">&#39;demouser&#39;</span>@<span class="st">&#39;%&#39;</span> <span class="kw">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="kw">BY</span> <span class="st">&#39;MotDePasse&#39;</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-4" data-line-number="4">mysql&gt; <span class="kw">GRANT</span> <span class="kw">ALL</span> <span class="kw">PRIVILEGES</span> <span class="kw">ON</span> demojava.* <span class="kw">TO</span> <span class="ot">&quot;demouser&quot;</span>@<span class="ot">&quot;%&quot;</span> <span class="kw">IDENTIFIED</span> <span class="kw">BY</span> <span class="ot">&quot;MotDePasse&quot;</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">Query</span> OK, <span class="dv">0</span> <span class="kw">rows</span> affected (<span class="fl">0.00</span> sec)</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Le <code>%</code> signifie que n’importe quelle machine pourra se connecter, ce qui n’est pas forcément une bonne chose.</p>
<p>On pourra le remplacer soit par l’IP de l’hôte si elle est fixe, soit par <code>localhost</code>.</p>
<p>Puis créer la table de démonstration:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode sql"><code class="sourceCode sql"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" data-line-number="1">mysql&gt; <span class="kw">create</span> <span class="kw">table</span> personne (nom <span class="dt">varchar</span>(<span class="dv">64</span>), prenom <span class="dt">varchar</span>(<span class="dv">64</span>), dnaissance <span class="dt">date</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">Query</span> OK, <span class="dv">0</span> <span class="kw">rows</span> affected (<span class="fl">0.01</span> sec)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-4" data-line-number="4">mysql&gt; show <span class="kw">tables</span> ;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-5" data-line-number="5">+<span class="co">--------------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-6" data-line-number="6">| Tables_in_demojava |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-7" data-line-number="7">+<span class="co">--------------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-8" data-line-number="8">| personne           |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-9" data-line-number="9">+<span class="co">--------------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="dv">1</span> <span class="kw">row</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="kw">set</span> (<span class="fl">0.00</span> sec)</a></code></pre></div>
<p>On peut voir la définition de la table avec la commande suivante:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb5"><pre class="sourceCode sql"><code class="sourceCode sql"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-1" data-line-number="1">mysql&gt; describe personne;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-2" data-line-number="2">+<span class="co">------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-3" data-line-number="3">| Field      | <span class="kw">Type</span>        | <span class="kw">Null</span> | <span class="kw">Key</span> | <span class="kw">Default</span> | Extra |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-4" data-line-number="4">+<span class="co">------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-5" data-line-number="5">| nom        | <span class="dt">varchar</span>(<span class="dv">64</span>) | YES  |     | <span class="kw">NULL</span>    |       |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-6" data-line-number="6">| prenom     | <span class="dt">varchar</span>(<span class="dv">64</span>) | YES  |     | <span class="kw">NULL</span>    |       |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-7" data-line-number="7">| dnaissance | <span class="dt">date</span>        | YES  |     | <span class="kw">NULL</span>    |       |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-8" data-line-number="8">+<span class="co">------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb5-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="dv">3</span> <span class="kw">rows</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="kw">set</span> (<span class="fl">0.01</span> sec)</a></code></pre></div>
<p>On ajoute une entrée:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb6"><pre class="sourceCode sql"><code class="sourceCode sql"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-1" data-line-number="1">mysql&gt; <span class="kw">insert</span> <span class="kw">into</span> personne <span class="kw">values</span> (<span class="st">&#39;Luther King&#39;</span>,<span class="st">&#39;Martin&#39;</span>,<span class="st">&#39;1929-01-15&#39;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">Query</span> OK, <span class="dv">1</span> <span class="kw">row</span> affected (<span class="fl">0.01</span> sec)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-4" data-line-number="4">mysql&gt; <span class="kw">select</span> * <span class="kw">from</span> personne ;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-5" data-line-number="5">+<span class="co">-------------+--------+------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-6" data-line-number="6">| nom         | prenom | dnaissance |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-7" data-line-number="7">+<span class="co">-------------+--------+------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-8" data-line-number="8">| Luther King | Martin | <span class="dv">1929-01-15</span> |</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-9" data-line-number="9">+<span class="co">-------------+--------+------------+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb6-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="dv">1</span> <span class="kw">row</span> <span class="kw">in</span> <span class="kw">set</span> (<span class="fl">0.00</span> sec)</a></code></pre></div>
<h4 id="connecteur">Connecteur</h4>
<p>Observez et analysez cet exemple :</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb7"><pre class="sourceCode java"><code class="sourceCode java"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">package</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.*;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-4" data-line-number="4"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">public</span> <span class="kw">class</span> ConnectionMySQL {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-6" data-line-number="6">    <span class="kw">private</span> <span class="bu">Connection</span> connection = <span class="kw">null</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-7" data-line-number="7">    <span class="kw">private</span> <span class="bu">String</span> user, password, host;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-8" data-line-number="8"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-9" data-line-number="9">    <span class="kw">private</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">boolean</span> driverLoaded = <span class="kw">false</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-10" data-line-number="10"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-11" data-line-number="11">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">boolean</span> <span class="fu">isDriverLoaded</span>(){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-12" data-line-number="12">        <span class="kw">return</span> driverLoaded;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-13" data-line-number="13">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-14" data-line-number="14"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-15" data-line-number="15">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">init</span>() <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">ClassNotFoundException</span>, <span class="bu">IllegalAccessException</span>, <span class="bu">InstantiationException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-16" data-line-number="16">        <span class="kw">if</span>(!driverLoaded){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-17" data-line-number="17">            <span class="co">//Chargement du pilote</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-18" data-line-number="18">            <span class="bu">Class</span>.<span class="fu">forName</span>(<span class="st">&quot;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver&quot;</span>).<span class="fu">newInstance</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-19" data-line-number="19">            driverLoaded = <span class="kw">true</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-20" data-line-number="20">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-21" data-line-number="21">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-22" data-line-number="22"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-23" data-line-number="23">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="fu">ConnectionMySQL</span>() {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-24" data-line-number="24">        <span class="kw">if</span>(!driverLoaded){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-25" data-line-number="25">            <span class="kw">throw</span> <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="bu">IllegalStateException</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Cannot instantiate if driver is not loaded. Please call &quot;</span>+<span class="fu">getClass</span>().<span class="fu">getName</span>()+<span class="st">&quot;.init() method before invoking this constructor.&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-26" data-line-number="26">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-27" data-line-number="27">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-28" data-line-number="28"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-29" data-line-number="29">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="fu">ConnectionMySQL</span>(<span class="bu">String</span> host, <span class="bu">String</span> user, <span class="bu">String</span> password) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-30" data-line-number="30">        <span class="kw">this</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-31" data-line-number="31">        <span class="kw">this</span>.<span class="fu">host</span> = host;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-32" data-line-number="32">        <span class="kw">this</span>.<span class="fu">user</span> = user;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-33" data-line-number="33">        <span class="kw">this</span>.<span class="fu">password</span> = password;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-34" data-line-number="34">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-35" data-line-number="35"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-36" data-line-number="36">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">connect</span>() <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">SQLException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-37" data-line-number="37">        <span class="co">//Connexion a la base de données</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-38" data-line-number="38">        <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Connexion à la base de données&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-39" data-line-number="39"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-40" data-line-number="40">        <span class="bu">String</span> dBurl = <span class="st">&quot;jdbc:mysql://&quot;</span>+host+<span class="st">&quot;/demojava&quot;</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-41" data-line-number="41">        connection = <span class="bu">DriverManager</span>.<span class="fu">getConnection</span>(dBurl, user, password);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-42" data-line-number="42"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-43" data-line-number="43">        <span class="co">/*</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-44" data-line-number="44"><span class="co">         * Autre utilisation possible:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-45" data-line-number="45"><span class="co">            String dBurl = &quot;jdbc:mysql://&quot;+host+&quot;/demojava&quot;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-46" data-line-number="46"><span class="co">                            + &quot;?user=&quot;+user+&quot;&amp;password=&quot;+password;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-47" data-line-number="47"><span class="co">            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(dBurl);</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-48" data-line-number="48"><span class="co">         */</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-49" data-line-number="49"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-50" data-line-number="50">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-51" data-line-number="51">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="bu">ResultSet</span> <span class="fu">execute</span>(<span class="bu">String</span> requete) <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">SQLException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-52" data-line-number="52">        <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;creation et execution de la requête :&quot;</span>+requete);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-53" data-line-number="53">        <span class="bu">Statement</span> stmt = connection.<span class="fu">createStatement</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-54" data-line-number="54">        <span class="kw">return</span> stmt.<span class="fu">executeQuery</span>(requete);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-55" data-line-number="55">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-56" data-line-number="56"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-57" data-line-number="57">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">close</span>() <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">SQLException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-58" data-line-number="58">        connection.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-59" data-line-number="59">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb7-60" data-line-number="60">}</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Méthode <code>main</code> :</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb8"><pre class="sourceCode java"><code class="sourceCode java"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">package</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.ResultSet;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.SQLException;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-6" data-line-number="6"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="kw">public</span> <span class="kw">class</span> AfficherTablePersonne {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-8" data-line-number="8"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-9" data-line-number="9">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">afficherDonnees</span>(<span class="bu">ResultSet</span> resultats) <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">SQLException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-10" data-line-number="10">        <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Parcours des donnees retournees&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-11" data-line-number="11">        <span class="bu">ResultSetMetaData</span> rsmd = resultats.<span class="fu">getMetaData</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-12" data-line-number="12">        <span class="dt">int</span> nbCols = rsmd.<span class="fu">getColumnCount</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-13" data-line-number="13">        <span class="dt">boolean</span> contientDAutresDonnees = resultats.<span class="fu">next</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-14" data-line-number="14"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-15" data-line-number="15">        <span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="dt">int</span> i = <span class="dv">1</span>; i &lt;= nbCols; i++) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-16" data-line-number="16">            <span class="kw">if</span>(i &gt; <span class="dv">1</span>) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-17" data-line-number="17">                <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">print</span>( <span class="st">&quot; | &quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-18" data-line-number="18">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-19" data-line-number="19">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">print</span>(rsmd.<span class="fu">getColumnLabel</span>(i));</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-20" data-line-number="20">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-21" data-line-number="21">        <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-22" data-line-number="22"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-23" data-line-number="23">        <span class="kw">while</span> (contientDAutresDonnees) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-24" data-line-number="24">            <span class="kw">for</span> (<span class="dt">int</span> i = <span class="dv">1</span>; i &lt;= nbCols; i++){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-25" data-line-number="25">                <span class="kw">if</span>(i &gt; <span class="dv">1</span>) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-26" data-line-number="26">                    <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">print</span>( <span class="st">&quot; | &quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-27" data-line-number="27">                }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-28" data-line-number="28">                <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">print</span>(resultats.<span class="fu">getString</span>(i));</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-29" data-line-number="29">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-30" data-line-number="30">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">out</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-31" data-line-number="31">            contientDAutresDonnees = resultats.<span class="fu">next</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-32" data-line-number="32">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-33" data-line-number="33"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-34" data-line-number="34">        resultats.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-35" data-line-number="35">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-36" data-line-number="36"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-37" data-line-number="37">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">main</span>(java.<span class="fu">lang</span>.<span class="fu">String</span>[] args) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-38" data-line-number="38">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-39" data-line-number="39">            ConnectionMySQL.<span class="fu">init</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-40" data-line-number="40">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">ClassNotFoundException</span> | <span class="bu">IllegalAccessException</span> | <span class="bu">InstantiationException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-41" data-line-number="41">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">err</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;La librairie n&#39;est pas disponible&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-42" data-line-number="42">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">exit</span>(<span class="dv">5</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-43" data-line-number="43">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-44" data-line-number="44"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-45" data-line-number="45"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-46" data-line-number="46">        AfficherTablePersonne atp = <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="fu">AfficherTablePersonne</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-47" data-line-number="47">        ConnectionMySQL connecteur = <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="fu">ConnectionMySQL</span>(<span class="st">&quot;lamp.exemple.cesi&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;demouser&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;MotDePasse&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-48" data-line-number="48">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-49" data-line-number="49">            connecteur.<span class="fu">connect</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-50" data-line-number="50"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-51" data-line-number="51">            <span class="bu">ResultSet</span> resultSet = connecteur.<span class="fu">execute</span>(<span class="st">&quot;SELECT * FROM personne&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-52" data-line-number="52">            atp.<span class="fu">afficherDonnees</span>(resultSet);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-53" data-line-number="53"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-54" data-line-number="54">            <span class="co">//Bonne pratique: fermer votre résultat</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-55" data-line-number="55">            resultSet.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-56" data-line-number="56"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-57" data-line-number="57">            <span class="co">//Bonne pratique: fermer le connecteur</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-58" data-line-number="58">            connecteur.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-59" data-line-number="59">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">SQLException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-60" data-line-number="60">            e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-61" data-line-number="61">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-62" data-line-number="62">        <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">exit</span>(<span class="dv">0</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-63" data-line-number="63">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb8-64" data-line-number="64">}</a></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="exercice">Exercice</h2>
<p>Créez une classe qui permette de stocker les résultats en lisant un <code>ResultSet</code> et un algorithme qui instancie une Personne pour chaque entrée de la base.</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb9"><pre class="sourceCode java"><code class="sourceCode java"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-1" data-line-number="1"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">public</span> <span class="kw">interface</span> Personne{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-3" data-line-number="3">  <span class="co">//...</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-4" data-line-number="4">  <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="bu">String</span> <span class="fu">getNom</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-5" data-line-number="5">  <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="bu">String</span> <span class="fu">getPrenom</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-6" data-line-number="6"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-7" data-line-number="7">  <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="bu">Date</span> <span class="fu">getDateNaissance</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb9-8" data-line-number="8">}</a></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="ecrire-dans-les-bases-de-données">Ecrire dans les bases de données</h2>
<p>La classe suivante montre comment écrire dans une base de données:</p>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb10"><pre class="sourceCode java"><code class="sourceCode java"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="kw">package</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database.lecture;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-2" data-line-number="2"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.SQLException;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.sql.Statement;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.text.SimpleDateFormat;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.util.InputMismatchException;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.util.List;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> java.util.Scanner;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-9" data-line-number="9"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database.ConnectionMySQL;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-11" data-line-number="11"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database.DateSimple;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.database.Personne;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="kw">import</span><span class="im"> fr.greta.dwm2.util.GestionMenu;</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-14" data-line-number="14"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-15" data-line-number="15"><span class="kw">public</span> <span class="kw">class</span> Ecriture {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-16" data-line-number="16">    <span class="co">//INSERT INTO `personne`(`nom`, `prenom`, `dnaissance`) VALUES (&#39;RABHI&#39;,&#39;Pierre&#39;,&#39;1938-05-29&#39;)</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-17" data-line-number="17"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-18" data-line-number="18">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">remplir</span>(ConnectionMySQL connecteur){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-19" data-line-number="19">        <span class="co">//Nécessaire pour faire les insertions</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-20" data-line-number="20">        <span class="bu">Statement</span> stmt = <span class="kw">null</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-21" data-line-number="21">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-22" data-line-number="22">            connecteur.<span class="fu">connect</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-23" data-line-number="23">            stmt = connecteur.<span class="fu">getConnection</span>().<span class="fu">createStatement</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-24" data-line-number="24">            <span class="dt">boolean</span> continuer = <span class="kw">true</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-25" data-line-number="25">            <span class="kw">while</span>(continuer){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-26" data-line-number="26">                <span class="bu">String</span> nom = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez le nom:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-27" data-line-number="27">                <span class="bu">String</span> prenom = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez le prénom:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-28" data-line-number="28">                DateSimple ds = <span class="kw">null</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-29" data-line-number="29">                <span class="kw">while</span>(ds == <span class="kw">null</span>){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-30" data-line-number="30">                    <span class="bu">String</span> date = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez une date:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-31" data-line-number="31">                    ds = DateSimple.<span class="fu">checkDate</span>(date);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-32" data-line-number="32">                }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-33" data-line-number="33">                <span class="fu">inserer</span>(stmt, nom, prenom, ds);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-34" data-line-number="34">                <span class="bu">String</span> doitContinuer = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Continuer (o/n):&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-35" data-line-number="35">                continuer = doitContinuer.<span class="fu">equals</span>(<span class="st">&quot;o&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-36" data-line-number="36">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-37" data-line-number="37">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">SQLException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-38" data-line-number="38">            e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-39" data-line-number="39">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-40" data-line-number="40">        <span class="kw">finally</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-41" data-line-number="41">            <span class="kw">if</span> (stmt != <span class="kw">null</span>) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-42" data-line-number="42">                <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-43" data-line-number="43">                    stmt.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-44" data-line-number="44">                } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">SQLException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-45" data-line-number="45">                    <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">err</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Erreur à la sortie&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-46" data-line-number="46">                    e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-47" data-line-number="47">                }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-48" data-line-number="48">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-49" data-line-number="49">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-50" data-line-number="50">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-51" data-line-number="51"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-52" data-line-number="52"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-53" data-line-number="53">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">changerDate</span>(ConnectionMySQL connecteur){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-54" data-line-number="54">        <span class="co">//Nécessaire pour faire les insertions</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-55" data-line-number="55">        <span class="bu">Statement</span> stmt = <span class="kw">null</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-56" data-line-number="56">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-57" data-line-number="57">            connecteur.<span class="fu">connect</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-58" data-line-number="58">            stmt = connecteur.<span class="fu">getConnection</span>().<span class="fu">createStatement</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-59" data-line-number="59">            <span class="dt">boolean</span> continuer = <span class="kw">true</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-60" data-line-number="60">            <span class="kw">while</span>(continuer){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-61" data-line-number="61">                <span class="bu">String</span> nom = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez le nom:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-62" data-line-number="62">                <span class="bu">String</span> prenom = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez le prénom:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-63" data-line-number="63">                DateSimple ds = <span class="kw">null</span>;</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-64" data-line-number="64">                <span class="kw">while</span>(ds == <span class="kw">null</span>){</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-65" data-line-number="65">                    <span class="bu">String</span> date = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Entrez une date:&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-66" data-line-number="66">                    ds = DateSimple.<span class="fu">checkDate</span>(date);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-67" data-line-number="67">                }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-68" data-line-number="68">                <span class="fu">inserer</span>(stmt, nom, prenom, ds);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-69" data-line-number="69">                <span class="bu">String</span> doitContinuer = GestionMenu.<span class="fu">getInstance</span>().<span class="fu">getValeur</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Continuer (o/n):&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-70" data-line-number="70">                continuer = doitContinuer.<span class="fu">equals</span>(<span class="st">&quot;o&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-71" data-line-number="71">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-72" data-line-number="72">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">SQLException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-73" data-line-number="73">            e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-74" data-line-number="74">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-75" data-line-number="75">        <span class="kw">finally</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-76" data-line-number="76">            <span class="kw">if</span> (stmt != <span class="kw">null</span>) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-77" data-line-number="77">                <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-78" data-line-number="78">                    stmt.<span class="fu">close</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-79" data-line-number="79">                } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">SQLException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-80" data-line-number="80">                    <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">err</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;Erreur à la sortie&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-81" data-line-number="81">                    e.<span class="fu">printStackTrace</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-82" data-line-number="82">                }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-83" data-line-number="83">            }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-84" data-line-number="84">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-85" data-line-number="85">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-86" data-line-number="86"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-87" data-line-number="87">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">inserer</span>(<span class="bu">Statement</span> stmt,</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-88" data-line-number="88">            <span class="bu">String</span> nom, <span class="bu">String</span> prenom, DateSimple date) <span class="kw">throws</span> <span class="bu">SQLException</span>{</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-89" data-line-number="89">        stmt.<span class="fu">executeUpdate</span>(</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-90" data-line-number="90">                <span class="st">&quot;insert into personne &quot;</span> +</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-91" data-line-number="91">                <span class="st">&quot;values(&#39;&quot;</span>+nom+<span class="st">&quot;&#39;, &#39;&quot;</span>+prenom+<span class="st">&quot;&#39;, &#39;&quot;</span>+date.<span class="fu">getSqlRepresentation</span>()+<span class="st">&quot;&#39;)&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-92" data-line-number="92">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-93" data-line-number="93"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-94" data-line-number="94">    <span class="kw">public</span> <span class="dt">static</span> <span class="dt">void</span> <span class="fu">main</span>(<span class="bu">String</span>[] args) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-95" data-line-number="95">        <span class="kw">try</span> {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-96" data-line-number="96">            ConnectionMySQL.<span class="fu">init</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-97" data-line-number="97">        } <span class="kw">catch</span> (<span class="bu">ClassNotFoundException</span> | <span class="bu">IllegalAccessException</span> | <span class="bu">InstantiationException</span> e) {</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-98" data-line-number="98">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">err</span>.<span class="fu">println</span>(<span class="st">&quot;La librairie n&#39;est pas disponible&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-99" data-line-number="99">            <span class="bu">System</span>.<span class="fu">exit</span>(<span class="dv">5</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-100" data-line-number="100">        }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-101" data-line-number="101"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-102" data-line-number="102"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-103" data-line-number="103">        <span class="co">//On peut continuer ici:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-104" data-line-number="104">        ConnectionMySQL connecteur = <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="fu">ConnectionMySQL</span>(<span class="st">&quot;lamp.exemple.cesi&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;demouser&quot;</span>, <span class="st">&quot;MotDePasse&quot;</span>);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-105" data-line-number="105">        Ecriture ins = <span class="kw">new</span> <span class="fu">Ecriture</span>();</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-106" data-line-number="106">        ins.<span class="fu">remplir</span>(connecteur);</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-107" data-line-number="107"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-108" data-line-number="108">    }</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb10-109" data-line-number="109">}</a></code></pre></div>
<p>Le code source des classes qu’elle utilise est disponible <a href="exemples/database">ici</a> :</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="exemples/database/fr/greta/dwm2/util/GestionMenu.java">GestionMenu.java</a></li>
<li><a href="exemples/database/fr/greta/dwm2/database/DateSimple.java">DateSimple.java</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Voir aussi cette page : <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/retrieving.html">Retrieving and Modifying Values from Result Sets</a></p>
<h2 id="pour-aller-plus-loin">Pour aller plus loin</h2>
<p>Des exemples complets sur l’ensemble des fonctionnalités JDBC <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/index.html">sont disponibles ici</a>.</p>
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